2015考研：考研英语翻译中长难句的切分与表达

3)从属连词

考生一定要清楚从属连词引导从句，是主从复合句的拆分点。状语从句的连接词有：when, as, since, until ,before, after, where, because, though, although, so that等;名词性从句连接词有：that, whether/if, who, whom, whose, what, which, whatever, whichever, when, where, how, why等;定语从句的连接词有：who, which, that, whom, whose, when, why, where等。

4)动词不定式和分词

不定式结构(to do)常常构成不定式短语，可以用来做定语或者状语，可以是拆分点;分词包括现在分词和过去分词，常常用来构成分词短语做定语或者状语等修饰语，也可以是拆分点。

5)介词短语

由on, in, with, at, of, to 等介词构成的介词短语可以用来做定语或者状语等修饰语，所以它们也是理解英语句子的拆分点。

以上这些“信号词”在拆分英语句子时可能断开的地方，但并不是绝对的。它们有助于我们看清句子结构，进而更好地理解英语原文。但是，在拆分长难句的过程中，最好不要把单独的一个英语单词拆分出来，基础好的同学可以不用过细地拆分。

考研英语真题中长难句拆分与表达的示例

This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.

(1)句子拆分

拆分点：从属连词、介词、标点符号

This trend began ∥during the Second World War, ∥ when several governments came to the conclusion ∥that the specific demands ∥that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen ∥in detail.

(2)句子结构

找谓语动词(began, came, wants, cannot be foreseen);→

找连词(when, that, that) →

前面没有从属连词的动词即为主句的谓语动词→

确定主从句。

主句：This trend began during the Second World War ;

从句：定语从句when several governments came to the conclusion修饰the Second World War，本从句嵌套着一个二级从句即同位语从句that the specific demands cannot generally be foreseen in detail修饰conclusion和一个三级从句that引导的定语从句that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment修饰demands。

(3)解析

during the Second World War介词短语做状语;when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail 做定语修饰the Second World War ;that the specific demands cannot generally be foreseen in detail同位语从句修饰conclusion ;that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment修饰demands。

(4)本句的参考译文

这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间，当时一些国家的政府得出结论：政府向科研机构提出的要求通常是无法详尽预见的。

总之，只要考生对句子结构有个透彻的理解，弄清句子的各个成分，并可以借助连词、介词、非谓语动词等手段把句子由简单变得复杂，由复杂变得简单，这样句子结构分析技能提高了，长难句也就攻克了，考研翻译也就解决了。